Oleh: Muhammad Nizar
The first thing through my vision when I look the map of the South Pacific zone is there are many islands which are similar or look like ‘dot’ in the map, but the fact, they are group of states. The South Pacific zone can be divided into some parts; among of them are Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia. Each of them has different characteristics but most of them have similar issues. In the general knowledge, Polynesia has circa 27 islands and 12 states. Micronesia has 8 states and hundreds of island. And the last, Melanesia has 16 islands and 7 states.
South Pacific zone has complicated issues for many years. Those complicated issues begin from colonization, health, aid, gender & family, nuclear testing, environment, education, resources, economic, politic, culture, etc. Most of the South Pacific zone is very poor countries which always receive a lot of aid from their former colonial states or from the rich Europe countries which still take a part as controller in their colony in the South Pacific. United States (US), France, New Zealand, and Great Britain are the countries which have colony in the South Pacific.
Most of people in Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia can speak English and French, and also their local languages. For example, Hawaii’s people can speak Hawaiian and English; Vanuatu’s people can speak Bislama, English, French, and several Melanesian languages. Indigenous’ people of Oceania or the South Pacific also have hundreds culture, they begin from music, dance, and several festival. Most of regions in Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia still enforce the custom law or ethic. That is reasonable because of the rural of the people.
After we know the basic knowledge of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia, I will thing conceptual in looking the reality by using one of approach in International Relations theory. Neo-Marxist or Globalist approach claims to the IR scholars that there is unequal between rich and poor countries in the capitalist economic system. There will be class disparity in world politics and economics. From the thought like that, I would like to show that the criticism of Neo-Marxist and Globalist close in the zone of South Pacific. I am not a Neo-Marxistian, but the reality of the assumption of Neo-Marxist and Globalist close with the grief of the South Pacific states as the Third World or maybe the very Poor World. There are many capitalist states that still exist in exploiting the Third World in the South Pacific zone. As I showed above that USA, French, Australia, and New Zealand are the main capitalist actor in exploiting in the region.
Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), one of country in Micronesia zone, is under controlled by United States of America. Defense system of FSM is handled by USA. It means i can make two speculations to know what the interests of USA to do that. My first speculation, USA is willing to exploit the natural resources, which are agricultures and fisheries. FSM produced fish, garments, bananas, black pepper, sakau (kava), and betel nut. And USA is the main target export of that product.
Second, USA still exist in hegemony the third World by controlled the defense system like FSM. Beside of that, US have ‘choke points’ strategy in its naval power. Because of the huge sea, US commitment to more enforce its naval power at many spots that spread out in South Pacific. There is also rumor, though it is not scientifically, that the South Pacific has big potential in oil sources. So, this is why USA is still interested in taking a part as controller in the region.
From the basic knowing and issues above, including the speculations, I conclude that Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia are part of the South Pacific which is very vulnerable in all of aspects. Inside and outside factors always push them in the weak condition. Neo-Marxist / Globalist approaches still relevant in the context of South Pacific which is an actor of the Third World Country in the World System theory of Wallerstein.
The End
South Pacific zone has complicated issues for many years. Those complicated issues begin from colonization, health, aid, gender & family, nuclear testing, environment, education, resources, economic, politic, culture, etc. Most of the South Pacific zone is very poor countries which always receive a lot of aid from their former colonial states or from the rich Europe countries which still take a part as controller in their colony in the South Pacific. United States (US), France, New Zealand, and Great Britain are the countries which have colony in the South Pacific.
Most of people in Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia can speak English and French, and also their local languages. For example, Hawaii’s people can speak Hawaiian and English; Vanuatu’s people can speak Bislama, English, French, and several Melanesian languages. Indigenous’ people of Oceania or the South Pacific also have hundreds culture, they begin from music, dance, and several festival. Most of regions in Polynesia, Melanesia, and Micronesia still enforce the custom law or ethic. That is reasonable because of the rural of the people.
After we know the basic knowledge of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia, I will thing conceptual in looking the reality by using one of approach in International Relations theory. Neo-Marxist or Globalist approach claims to the IR scholars that there is unequal between rich and poor countries in the capitalist economic system. There will be class disparity in world politics and economics. From the thought like that, I would like to show that the criticism of Neo-Marxist and Globalist close in the zone of South Pacific. I am not a Neo-Marxistian, but the reality of the assumption of Neo-Marxist and Globalist close with the grief of the South Pacific states as the Third World or maybe the very Poor World. There are many capitalist states that still exist in exploiting the Third World in the South Pacific zone. As I showed above that USA, French, Australia, and New Zealand are the main capitalist actor in exploiting in the region.
Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), one of country in Micronesia zone, is under controlled by United States of America. Defense system of FSM is handled by USA. It means i can make two speculations to know what the interests of USA to do that. My first speculation, USA is willing to exploit the natural resources, which are agricultures and fisheries. FSM produced fish, garments, bananas, black pepper, sakau (kava), and betel nut. And USA is the main target export of that product.
Second, USA still exist in hegemony the third World by controlled the defense system like FSM. Beside of that, US have ‘choke points’ strategy in its naval power. Because of the huge sea, US commitment to more enforce its naval power at many spots that spread out in South Pacific. There is also rumor, though it is not scientifically, that the South Pacific has big potential in oil sources. So, this is why USA is still interested in taking a part as controller in the region.
From the basic knowing and issues above, including the speculations, I conclude that Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia are part of the South Pacific which is very vulnerable in all of aspects. Inside and outside factors always push them in the weak condition. Neo-Marxist / Globalist approaches still relevant in the context of South Pacific which is an actor of the Third World Country in the World System theory of Wallerstein.
The End
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