By: Muhammad Nizar
First of all, Timor Leste got independence from Indonesia in 1999. Timor Leste is located beside of West Timor (Indonesia). Timor Island was included in chain of colonization. Colonials divide Timor Island in 2 parts, West Timor (Indonesia) was colonized by Holland and East Timor (Timor Leste) was colonized by Portuguese. Timor Leste was colonized first by Portuguese in 1520. Portuguese has high influenced to Timor Leste especially in the Catholic sphere. Beside of that, Portuguese also has influenced the civil society of Timor Leste by acculturate married. We called “mestizo” for Timor Leste people acculturating between Portuguese and indigenous Timor Leste. Then, “liurai” for Timor Leste local bourgeois people and “maubere” for Timor Leste grass root people who don’t have good education, economy, life, and political access (information by Mr. Dugis).
As Ms. Ani said, Timor Leste has some characteristics, such as ethnocentric and xenophobic. Ethnocentric means that there are many ethnic groups which lovely fight each other. Xenophobic means that groups of people who don’t like outsider coming in their region. Because of two reasons above, Timor Leste is known as a country who likes conflict in their internal. So, there is a term of “conflict culture”. Timor Leste has closed with conflict culture. The conflict culture has made the civil society more sufferer than before. According to Gregor Neonbasu, at least 5 conflicts have happened in Timo Leste, such as Luqa-Viqueque issue, Flower Revolution, The Era of Indonesian Colonization, and Rebellion of Major Alfredo Renato. There is a term that Timor Leste people unite when outsider enemy comes, after the enemy passed away, Timor Leste people back to their internal conflict even war with their brother. Timor Leste people are provoked easily. They are warlike. This is rational because Timor Leste isn’t rich country even has a lot of amount of oil in their natural resources. If Timor Leste people aren’t warlike so the condition of social, politic, and economy would not become poor. Timor Leste ever felt left wing regime, such as Fretilin which one of left wing party. But, communism in Timor Leste couldn’t expansion more because of catholic and feudal structure which are came firstly to Timor Leste. Communism also made problem in civil society, history noted that Chinese which thought as communist in Timor Leste ever felt genocide activity.
In international system, Timor Leste has fluctuated condition with Australia. Even, Australia sometimes very closes to Timor Leste in term of provoke Indonesia. There is closed friendship between Australia – Timor Leste because of economic and political interest. We can look that Timor Leste is an oil country. Australia is one of industry country which is very depended to oil. So, in order to grow the industry, Australia has oil interest in Timor Leste. Last time before the independent of Timor Leste, Australia has strategic oil interest but blockaded by Indonesia. Before Indonesia, there was Portuguese as colonist state in East Timor. Now, Australia doesn’t has rival or competitor to exploit oil in Timor Leste because of Indonesia and Portuguese have left. In spite of oil interest, Australia also has security interest in Timor Leste. Last time, we know that Australia succeed in killing Major Alfredo Renato who leader of rebellion against government. Until now, Australia peace keeping force is still in Timor Leste. From my notes above, I can conclude that Timor Leste is a new state which has conflict culture from inside and outside.
Sources:
http://taman65.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ETSA/
http://indonesian.irib.ir/index.php
Lecturer Notes
First of all, Timor Leste got independence from Indonesia in 1999. Timor Leste is located beside of West Timor (Indonesia). Timor Island was included in chain of colonization. Colonials divide Timor Island in 2 parts, West Timor (Indonesia) was colonized by Holland and East Timor (Timor Leste) was colonized by Portuguese. Timor Leste was colonized first by Portuguese in 1520. Portuguese has high influenced to Timor Leste especially in the Catholic sphere. Beside of that, Portuguese also has influenced the civil society of Timor Leste by acculturate married. We called “mestizo” for Timor Leste people acculturating between Portuguese and indigenous Timor Leste. Then, “liurai” for Timor Leste local bourgeois people and “maubere” for Timor Leste grass root people who don’t have good education, economy, life, and political access (information by Mr. Dugis).
As Ms. Ani said, Timor Leste has some characteristics, such as ethnocentric and xenophobic. Ethnocentric means that there are many ethnic groups which lovely fight each other. Xenophobic means that groups of people who don’t like outsider coming in their region. Because of two reasons above, Timor Leste is known as a country who likes conflict in their internal. So, there is a term of “conflict culture”. Timor Leste has closed with conflict culture. The conflict culture has made the civil society more sufferer than before. According to Gregor Neonbasu, at least 5 conflicts have happened in Timo Leste, such as Luqa-Viqueque issue, Flower Revolution, The Era of Indonesian Colonization, and Rebellion of Major Alfredo Renato. There is a term that Timor Leste people unite when outsider enemy comes, after the enemy passed away, Timor Leste people back to their internal conflict even war with their brother. Timor Leste people are provoked easily. They are warlike. This is rational because Timor Leste isn’t rich country even has a lot of amount of oil in their natural resources. If Timor Leste people aren’t warlike so the condition of social, politic, and economy would not become poor. Timor Leste ever felt left wing regime, such as Fretilin which one of left wing party. But, communism in Timor Leste couldn’t expansion more because of catholic and feudal structure which are came firstly to Timor Leste. Communism also made problem in civil society, history noted that Chinese which thought as communist in Timor Leste ever felt genocide activity.
In international system, Timor Leste has fluctuated condition with Australia. Even, Australia sometimes very closes to Timor Leste in term of provoke Indonesia. There is closed friendship between Australia – Timor Leste because of economic and political interest. We can look that Timor Leste is an oil country. Australia is one of industry country which is very depended to oil. So, in order to grow the industry, Australia has oil interest in Timor Leste. Last time before the independent of Timor Leste, Australia has strategic oil interest but blockaded by Indonesia. Before Indonesia, there was Portuguese as colonist state in East Timor. Now, Australia doesn’t has rival or competitor to exploit oil in Timor Leste because of Indonesia and Portuguese have left. In spite of oil interest, Australia also has security interest in Timor Leste. Last time, we know that Australia succeed in killing Major Alfredo Renato who leader of rebellion against government. Until now, Australia peace keeping force is still in Timor Leste. From my notes above, I can conclude that Timor Leste is a new state which has conflict culture from inside and outside.
Sources:
http://taman65.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ETSA/
http://indonesian.irib.ir/index.php
Lecturer Notes
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